• Whilst it has long been appreciated that Rho family GTPases

  2021-09-16

  

  Whilst it has long been appreciated that Rho-family GTPases are able to signal directly to focal adhesions, it is also becoming increasingly clear that they can achieve this indirectly, through their influence on the extracellular matrix to which the integrins bind. Cdc42 and RhoA have long been kno

• On the basis of the structure

  2021-09-16

  

  On the basis of the structure of the Rab35/ACAP2 complex, the authors identified Thr76 in switch II of Rab35 as one key specificity determinant (Lin et al., 2019). The crystal structure shows that the hydroxyl group of Thr76 forms a mg to mol with Asp756 in ACAP2, while the methyl group is a part o

• Like tBHQ and DEM treatment of

  2021-09-16

  

  Like tBHQ and DEM, treatment of Keap1+/+ MEFs with SFN increased the abundance of Hmox1 and Nqo1 mRNA, and this was blunted by LY294002 and MK-2206 (Figure 2C). However, unlike the situation with tBHQ and DEM, treatment of Keap1−/− MEFs with SFN did not increase further the elevated basal levels of

• br Lactate metabolism L Lactate

  2021-09-16

  

  Lactate metabolism L-Lactate is an intermediate metabolite in glucose metabolism. Glucose can be broken down to pyruvate, and pyruvate can be either further oxidized to acetyl-CoA and enter the TCA cycle, or reduced to L-lactate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In turn, LDH can oxidize L-lactate t

• br Other Functions of HCA Receptors HCA receptors

  2021-09-16

  

  Other Functions of HCA Receptors HCA receptors, in particular HCA1, are expressed in various primary tumor L-817,818 australia 77, 78, 79. This is of interest, as most solid tumors show increased glucose uptake and lactate formation even under normoxic conditions, with lactate concentrations in t

• Calcium mobilization FLIPR assay CHO K

  2021-09-16

  

  Calcium mobilization (FLIPR) assay: CHO-K1 cells expressing an NFAT-β-lactamase reporter and the promiscuous Gα-subunit Gqi5 were stably transfected with either empty vector (pCDNA3.1, Invitrogen) or vector expressing HA-GPR81, GPR109A or GPR109B. Cells were seeded at 10,000cells/well in 384-well cu

• br Material and methods br Results The

  2021-09-16

  

  Material and methods Results The search for proteins selectively expressed in pancreatic islet CVT-313 sale in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) yielded 27 hits, including well-known islet cell markers such as insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide (Table 1). The search algorithm excluded i

• br FFA GPR was deorphanised as the second

  2021-09-16

  

  FFA4 GPR120 was deorphanised as the second receptor for long-chain fatty acids in 2005 [5]. Initial focus highlighted expression in the lower gut, the capacity of unsaturated fatty acids to promote release of the incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from the enteroendocrine cell line STC-1, a

• To overcome these limitations investigators have

  2021-09-16

  

  To overcome these limitations, investigators have developed novel strategies for identifying and purifying gonadotropes from transgenic mouse models. For example, FSH-producing gonadotropes have been tagged in vivo with a transgenic cell surface antigen (H-2Kk) so that they can be purified in vitro

• Growing evidence suggests that the glycine site seems

  2021-09-16

  

  Growing evidence suggests that the glycine site seems to play a pivotal role in NMDAR-related function. For example, it HO-3867 mg has been demonstrated in a hippocampal slice study that the glycine site sub-serves the spatiotemporal detection of synaptic activity (Li et al., 2009). Moreover, mice

• br According to WHO estimates diabetes continues to present

  2021-09-16

  

  According to WHO 2014 estimates, diabetes continues to present an increasing health risk to the global population, affecting 422 million individuals worldwide. Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which affects the vast majority (ca. 90%) of the diabetic population, occurs when the body cannot effectively utili

• br Materials and methods br Results Aberrant A has

  2021-09-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Aberrant Aβ has been suggested to be an initiating factor for glutamate excitotoxicity in AD pathology. To investigate whether Aβ1-42 alters glutamate uptake in astrocytes, neurons, and astrocyte-neuron co-cultures, we used synthetic Aβ1-42 peptide. Aβ1-42 has fas

• br Regulation of GCK by intrinsic conformational dynamics

  2021-09-16

  

  Regulation of GCK by intrinsic conformational dynamics GCK is a 465-residue, 52-kDa enzyme comprised of two domains, hereafter referred to as the large domain and the small domain, that are separated by a flexible hinge region. As with other proteins that adopt the hexokinase fold, substrates bin

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In

  2021-09-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, that manipulation of AKR1D1 expression and activity is able to regulate glucocorticoid availability in liver and non-liver cell lines. AKR1D1 over-expression leads to increased glucocorticoid cleara

• To identify inhibitors of the Hh GLI

  2021-09-16

  

  To identify inhibitors of the Hh/GLI signaling pathway from natural resources, we have recently reported the successful construction of a cell-based screening assay system for the Hh/GLI signaling pathway (Fig. 1). This is an assay using a GLI-dependent luciferase reporter in human keratinocyte cell

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